Alkylphenol (AP) and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates (APEOs): including all isomers

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

APEOs can be used as or found in: detergents, scouring agents, spinning oils, wetting agents, softeners, emulsifier/dispersing agents for dyes and prints, impregnating agents, de- gumming for silk production, dyes and pigment preparations, polyester padding and down/feather fillings.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

Liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

Substance

Nonylphenol (NP), mixed isomers

Octylphenol (OP), mixed isomers

Octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEO)

Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO)

Chlorobenzenes and Chlorotoluenes

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Chlorobenzenes and chlorotoluenes (chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons) can be used as carriers in the dyeing process of polyester or wool/polyester fibres. They can also be used as solvents.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS

Substance

1,2-dichlorobenzene

Other isomers of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexa- chlorobenzene and mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and penta- chlorotoluene

Chlorophenols

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Chlorophenols are polychlorinated compounds used as preservatives or pesticides.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and tetrachlorophenol (TeCP) have been used in the past to prevent mould when storing/ transporting, raw hides and leather. They are now regulated and should not be used.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS EN ISO 17070

Substance

Tetrachlorophenol (TeCP)

Pentachlorophenol (PCP)

2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol

2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol

2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol

2-chlorophenol

2,4-dichlorophenol

2,5-dichlorophenol

2,6-dichlorophenol

2,4,5-trichlorophenol

2,4,6-trichlorophenol

3,5-dichlorophenol

2,3-dichlorophenol

3,4-dichlorophenol

3-chlorophenol

4-chlorophenol

2,3,4-trichlorophenol

2,3,5-trichlorophenol

3,4,5-trichlorophenol

Dyes – Azo (Forming Restricted Amines)

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Azo dyes and pigments are colourants that incorporate one or several azo groups (-N=N-) bound with aromatic compounds. Thousands of azo dyes exist, but only those that degrade to form the listed cleavable amines are restricted. Azo dyes that release these amines are regulated and should no longer be used for dyeing of textiles.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

LC, GC

Substance

4,4’-methylene-bis-(2-chloro-aniline)

4,4’-methylenedianiline

4,4’-oxydianiline

4-chloroaniline

3,3’-dimethoxylbenzidine

3,3’-dimethylbenzidine

6-methoxy-m-toluidine

2,4,5-trimethylaniline

4,4’-thiodianiline

4-aminoazobenzene

4-methoxy-m-phenylenediamine

4,4’-methylenedi-o-toluidine

2,6-xylidine

o-anisidine

2-naphthylamine

3,’3-dichlorobenzidine

4-aminodiphenyl

Benzidine

o-toluidine

2,4-xylidine

4-chloro-o-toluidine

4-methyl-m-phenylenediamine

o-aminoazotoluene

5-nitro-o-toluidine

Dyes – Navy Blue Colourant

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Navy Blue colourants are regulated and should no longer be used for dyeing of textiles.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

LC

Substance

Component 1: C39H23ClCrN7O12S·2Na

Component 2: C46H30CrN10O20S2·3Na

Dyes – Carcinogenic or Equivalent Concern

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Most of these substances are regulated and should no longer be used for dyeing of textiles.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

LC

Substance

C.I. Direct Black 38

C.I. Direct Blue 6

C.I. Acid Red 26

C.I. Basic Red 9

C.I. Direct Red 28

C.I. Basic Violet 14

C.I. Disperse Blue 1

C.I. Disperse Blue 3

C.I. Basic Blue 26 (with Michler’s Ketone > 0.1%)

C.I. Basic Green 4 (malachite green chloride)

C.I. Basic Green 4 (malachite green oxalate)

C.I. Basic Green 4 (malachite green)

Disperse Orange 11

Dyes – Disperse (Sensitising)

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Disperse dyes are a class of water- insoluble dyes that penetrate the fibre system of synthetic or manufactured fibres and are held in place by physical forces without forming chemical bonds. Disperse dyes are used in synthetic fibre (e.g., polyester, acetate, polyamide).
Restricted disperse dyes are suspected of causing allergic reactions and should no longer be used for dyeing of textiles.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

LC

Substance

Disperse Yellow 1

Disperse Blue 102

Disperse Blue 106

Disperse Yellow 39

Disperse Orange 37/59/76

Disperse Brown 1

Disperse Orange 1

Disperse Yellow 3

Disperse Red 11

Disperse Red 1

Disperse Red 17

Disperse Blue 7

Disperse Blue 26

Disperse Yellow 49

Disperse Blue 35

Disperse Blue 124

Disperse Yellow 9

Disperse Orange 3

Disperse Blue 35

Flame Retardants

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Flame retardant chemicals are rarely used to meet flammability requirements in children’s clothing and adult products. They should no longer be used in apparel and footwear.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS

Substance

Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP)

Decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE)

Tris(2,3,-dibromopropyl)-phosphate (TRIS)

Pentabromodiphenyl ether (PentaBDE)

Octabromodiphenyl ether (OctaBDE)

Bis(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (BIS)

Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine oxide (TEPA)

Polybromobiphenyl (PBB)

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)

Hexabromocyclodecane (HBCDD)

2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol (BBMP)

Tris(1,3-dichloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TDCP)

Short-chain chlorinated Paraffins (SCCP) (C10-C13)

Glycols

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

In apparel and footwear, glycols have a wide range of uses including as solvents for finishing/cleaning, printing agents, and dissolving and diluting fats, oils and adhesives (e.g., in degreasing or cleaning operations).

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), LC- MS

Substance

Bis(2-methoxyethyl)-ether

2-ethoxyethanol

2-ethoxyethyl acetate

Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether

2-methoxyethanol

2-methoxyethylacetate

2-methoxypropylacetate

Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether

Halogenated Solvents

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

In apparel and footwear, solvents are used as finishing/cleaning and printing agents, for dissolving and diluting fats, oils and adhesives (e.g., in degreasing or cleaning operations).

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS

Substance

1,2-dichloroethane

Methylene chloride

Trichloroethylene

Tetrachloroethylene

Organotin Compounds

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Organotins are a class of chemicals combining tin and organics such as butyl and phenyl groups. Organotins are predominantly found in the environment as antifoulants in marine paints, but they can also be used as biocides (e.g., antibacterials), catalysts in plastic and glue production and heat stabilisers in plastics/rubber. In textiles and apparel, organotins are associated with plastics/rubber, inks, paints, metallic glitter, polyurethane products and heat transfer material.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS, low resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS)

Substance

Dibutyltin (DBT)

Mono-, di- and tri-methyltin derivatives

Mono-, di- and tri-butyltin derivatives

Mono-, di- and tri-phenyltin derivatives

Mono-, di- and tri-octyltin derivatives

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS

Substance

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)

Anthracene

Pyrene

Benzo[ghi]perylene

Benzo[e]pyrene

Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene

Benzo[j]fluoranthene

Benzo[b]fluoranthene

Fluoranthene

Benzo[k]fluoranthene

Acenaphthylene

Chrysene

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene

Benzo[a]anthracene

Acenaphthene

Phenanthrene

Fluorene

Naphthalene

Perfluorinated and Polyfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs)

Durable water, oil and stain repellent finishes and soil release finishes (fluorinated polymers) based on long-chain technology are banned from intentional use. Long-chain compounds according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) definition (http://www.oecd.org/ehs/pfc/) are based on long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (C8 and higher) and on long-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (C6 and higher). The main contaminants of this technology include: Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) with carbon chain lengths C6 and higher (e.g., PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate) Perfluorocarboxylic acids with carbon chain lengths C8 and higher (e.g., PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid)

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

PFOA and PFOS may be present as unintended by-products in long-chain commercial water, oil and stain repellent agents. PFOA also may be in use for polymers like polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

LC-MS

Substance

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and related substances

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and related substances

Phthalates – including all other esters of ortho-phthalic acid

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Esters of ortho-phthalic acid (phthalates) are a class of organic compounds commonly added to plastics to increase flexibility. They sometimes are used to facilitate moulding of plastic by decreasing its melting temperature.
Phthalates can be found in:
- Flexible plastic components (e.g., PVC)
- Print pastes
- Adhesives
- Plastic buttons
- Plastic sleevings
- Polymeric coatings

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS

Substance

Di(ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)

Bis(2-methoxyethyl) phthalate (DMEP)

Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP)

Di-iso-decyl phthalate (DIDP)

Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP)

Di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHP)

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)

Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP)

Dinonyl phthalate (DNP)

Diethyl phthalate (DEP)

Di-n-propyl phthalate (DPRP)

Di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP)

Di-cyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP)

Di-iso-octyl phthalate (DIOP)

1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C7-11-branched and linearalkyl esters (DHNUP)

1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid,di-C6-8-branched alkyl esters,C7-rich (DIHP)

Total Heavy Metals

Listed metals are banned from intentional use in textile manufacturing/finishing. Additionally, residual traces of antimony, zinc, copper, nickel, tin, barium, cobalt, iron, manganese, selenium and silver in colourants are expected to comply with the Ecological and Toxicological Association of Dyes and Organic Pigments Manufacturers (ETAD) concentration limits (http://www.etad.com/).

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Although typically associated with leather tanning, chromium VI also may be used in the dyeing of wool (after the chroming process).

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

Inductively coupled plasma- optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)

Substance

Arsenic (As)

Cadmium (Cd)

Mercury (Hg)

Lead (Pb)

Chromium (VI)

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

These volatile organic compounds should not be used in textile auxiliary chemical preparations. They are associated with solvent-based processes like solvent- based polyurethane coatings and glues/adhesives. They should not be used for any kind of facility cleaning or spot cleaning.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS

Substance

Benzene

Xylene

o-cresol

p-cresol

m-cresol

Alkylphenol (AP) and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates (APEOs): including all isomers

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

APEOs can be used in leather processing or found in a variety of formulations such as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifier/ dispersing agents/dedusting agents for dyes and prints, dyes and pigment preparations, degreasing and fur scouring agents, fat liquors and greases, water borne dispersions and emulsions used in the beamhouse and finishing agents.
NP and OP are not used by the leather industry, but could be present as contaminants.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

Liquid chromatography8mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
EN ISO 18219 81 EN ISO 18219 – 2

Substance

Nonylphenol (NP), mixed isomers

Octylphenol (OP), mixed isomers

Octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEO)

Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO)

Chlorobenzenes and Chlorotoluenes

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Chlorobenzenes and chlorotoluenes can be used for degreasing sheep and pig skins. They can also be used as solvents (e.g., in chemical synthesis).

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS

Substance

1,2-dichlorobenzene

Other isomers of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexa- chlorobenzene and mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and penta- chlorotoluene

Chlorophenols

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Chlorophenols are polychlorinated compounds used as preservatives or pesticides.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and tetrachlorophenol (TeCP) have been used in the past to prevent mould when storing/transporting, raw hides and leather. They are now regulated and should not be used.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS EN ISO 17070

Substance

Tetrachlorophenol (TeCP)

Pentachlorophenol (PCP)

2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol

2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol

2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol

2-chlorophenol

2,4-dichlorophenol

2,5-dichlorophenol

2,6-dichlorophenol

2,4,5-trichlorophenol

2,4,6-trichlorophenol

3,5-dichlorophenol

2,3-Dichlorophenol

3,4-Dichlorophenol

3-Chlorophenol

4-Chlorophenol

2,3,4-Trichlorophenol

2,3,5-Trichlorophenol

3,4,5-Trichlorophenol

Dyes – Azo (Forming Restricted Amines)

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Azo dyes and pigments are colourants that incorporate one or several azo groups (-N=N-) bound with aromatic compounds. Thousands of azo dyes exist, but only those which degrade to form the listed cleavable amines are restricted. Azo dyes that release these amines are regulated and should no longer be used for dyeing of leather.
Restricted amines also may be present or formed during cleavage of unintended impurities in raw materials used for dyestuff production.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

LC, GC-MS
EN ISO 17234 – 1 EN ISO 17234 – 2

Substance

4,4’-methylene-bis-(2-chloro-aniline)

4,4’-methylenedianiline

4,4’-oxydianiline

4-chloroaniline

3,3’-dimethoxylbenzidine

3,3’-dimethylbenzidine

6-methoxy-m-toluidine

2,4,5-trimethylaniline

4,4’-thiodianiline

4-aminoazobenzene

4-methoxy-m-phenylenediamine

4,4’-methylenedi-o-toluidine

2,6-xylidine

o-anisidine

2-naphthylamine

3,’3-dichlorobenzidine

4-aminodiphenyl

Benzidine

o-toluidine

2,4-xylidine

4-chloro-o-toluidine

4-methyl-m-phenylenediamine

o-aminoazotoluene

5-nitro-o-toluidine

Dyes – Navy Blue Colourant

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Navy Blue colourants are regulated, were not sold commercially, and should not have been used for dyeing of leather

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

LC
(No test reference available)

Substance

Component 1: C39H23ClCrN7O12S·2Na

Component 2: C46H30CrN10O20S2·3Na

Dyes – Carcinogenic or Equivalent Concern

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Most of these substances are regulated in many countries. All should no longer be used for dyeing of leather.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

LC

Substance

C.I. Direct Black 38

C.I. Direct Blue 6

C.I. Acid Red 26

C.I. Basic Red 9

C.I. Direct Red 28

C.I. Basic Violet 14

C.I. Disperse Blue 1

C.I. Disperse Blue 3

C.I. Basic Blue 26 (with Michler’s Ketone > 0.1%)

C.I. Basic Green 4 (malachite green chloride)

C.I. Basic Green 4 (malachite green oxalate)

C.I. Basic Green 4 (malachite green)

Disperse Orange 11

Dyes – Disperse (Sensitizing)

Disperse dyes have no applicability to leather processing.

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

Substance

Fat liquoring agents

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins can be found as contaminants within long-chain chlorinated paraffins and sulfo-chlorinated paraffin’s, used as fat liquoring agents.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

Gas chromatography/ electron capture negative ion-mass spectrometry (GC/ECNI-MS)
EN ISO 18219

Substance

Short-chain chlorinated paraffin (C10 – C13)

Flame Retardants

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Flame retardant chemicals are rarely used to meet flammability requirements in children’s clothing and adult products, but they could be used in processing leather for technical/ industrial purposes (e.g., drive belts) and upholstery leather for trains and planes. The mentioned substances should no longer be used in apparel and footwear.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS

Substance

Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP)

Decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE)

Tris(2,3,-dibromopropyl)-phosphate (TRIS)

Pentabromodiphenyl ether (PentaBDE)

Octabromodiphenyl ether (OctaBDE)

Bis(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (BIS)

Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine oxide (TEPA)

Polybromobiphenyl (PBB)

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)

Hexabromocyclodecane (HBCDD)

2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol (BBMP)

Tris(1,3-dichloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TDCP)

Glycol Ethers

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

In apparel and footwear, glycol ethers have a wide range of uses including as solvents for finishing/cleaning, printing agents and dissolving and diluting fats, oils and adhesives (e.g., in degreasing or cleaning operations). Some polar solvents (glycol ethers) are necessary for the use of water-based leather finishing systems.
The mentioned glycol ethers are classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic substances and should not be used in processing leather.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), LC- MS

Substance

Bis(2-methoxyethyl)-ether

2-ethoxyethanol

2-ethoxyethyl acetate

Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether

2-methoxyethanol

2-methoxyethylacetate

Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether

2-methoxypropylacetate

Halogenated Solvents

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

In apparel and footwear, solvents are used as finishing/cleaning and printing agents, for dissolving and diluting fats, oils and adhesives (e.g., in degreasing or cleaning operations).

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS

Substance

1,2-dichloroethane

Methylene chloride

Trichloroethylene

Tetrachloroethylene

Organotin Compounds

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Organotins are a class of chemicals combining tin and organics such as butyl and phenyl groups. Organotins are predominantly found in the environment as antifoulants in marine paints, but they can also be used as biocides (e.g., antibacterials), catalysts in plastic and glue productions and heat stabilizers in plastics/rubber.
Polyurethane thickeners, which could contain traces of DBT, are commonly used for viscosity adjustments of leather chemicals formulations.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS, low resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS)

Substance

Dibutyltin (DBT)

Mono-, di- and tri-methyltin derivatives

Mono-, di- and tri-butyltin derivatives

Mono-, di- and tri-phenyltin derivatives

Mono-, di- and tri-octyltin derivatives

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

In the leather chemical industry, naphthalene is used as a raw material for manufacture of synthetic tanning agents (syntans) and for manufacture of active substances in dispersing agents used during leather processing.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS

Substance

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)

Anthracene

Pyrene

Benzo[ghi]perylene

Benzo[e]pyrene

Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene

Benzo[j]fluoranthene

Benzo[b]fluoranthene

Fluoranthene

Benzo[k]fluoranthene

Acenaphthylene

Chrysene

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene

Benzo[a]anthracene

Acenaphthene

Phenanthrene

Fluorene

Naphthalene

Perfluorinated and Polyfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs)

Durable water, oil and stain repellent finishes and soil release finishes (fluorinated polymers) based on long-chain technology are banned from intentional use. Long-chain compounds according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) definition (http://www.oecd.org/ehs/pfc/) are based on long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (C8 and higher) and on long-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (C6 and higher). The main contaminants of this technology include: Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) with carbon chain lengths C6 and higher (e.g., PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate) Perfluorocarboxylic acids with carbon chain lengths C8 and higher (e.g., PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid)

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

PFOA and PFOS may be present as unintended by-products in long-chain commercial water, oil and stain repellent agents. PFOA also may be in use for polymers like polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

LC-MS

Substance

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and related substances

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and related substances

Phthalates – including all other esters of ortho-phthalic acid

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Esters of ortho-phthalic acid (phthalates) are a class of organic compounds commonly added to plastics to increase flexibility. They are sometimes used to facilitate moulding of plastic by decreasing its melting temperature.
Polymeric coatings for leather finishing, dedusting agents in colourants, fat liquors and greases could be a source for phthalates in formulations for leather processing.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS

Substance

Di(ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)

Bis(2-methoxyethyl) phthalate (DMEP)

Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP)

Di-iso-decyl phthalate (DIDP)

Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP)

Di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHP)

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)

Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP)

Dinonyl phthalate (DNP)

Diethyl phthalate (DEP)

Di-n-propyl phthalate (DPRP)

Di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP)

Di-cyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP)

Di-iso-octyl phthalate (DIOP)

1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C7-11- branched and linearalkyl esters (DHNUP)

1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid,di-C6-8- branched alkyl esters,C7-rich (DIHP)

Total Heavy Metals

Listed metals are banned from intentional use in textile manufacturing/finishing. Additionally, residual traces of antimony, zinc, copper, nickel, tin, barium, cobalt, iron, manganese, selenium and silver in colourants are expected to comply with the Ecological and Toxicological Association of Dyes and Organic Pigments Manufacturers (ETAD) concentration limits (http://www.etad.com/).

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

Arsenic and its compounds can be used in some preservatives, pesticides and defoliants for cotton. It is also associated with synthetic fibres, paints, inks, trims and plastics.
Arsenic is not a typical residue in leather chemicals.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

Inductively coupled plasma- optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
Cr (III) Tanning agents can be monitored for Cr(VI)
EN ISO 17075 (Current Use) ISO/DIS 19071 (Draft)

Substance

Arsenic (As)

Cadmium (Cd)

Mercury (Hg)

Lead (Pb)

Chromium (VI)

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

Potential Uses in Apparel and Footwear Textile Processing

These volatile organic compounds should not be used in textile and leather auxiliary chemical preparations. They are associated with solvent-based processes like solvent-based polyurethane coatings and glues/adhesives.
They should not be used for any kind of facility cleaning or spot cleaning.

General Techniques for Analysing Chemicals

GC-MS

Substance

Benzene

o-cresol

p-cresol

m-cresol